Pine nuts production in Tunisia: A review of stakes practices and socio-economic constraints
Last November 13th, more than 30 persons attended the Science to Practice event held in the north west of Tunisia (Nefza) to explore Pine nuts extraction practices and the economic importance of this product to local population livelihood.
The stone pine has been introduced in Tunisia a long time ago; the first plantations were carried out in the region of Dar Chichou (Cap Bon) and Rimel (Bizerte) at the end of the 19th century to fix the coastal dunes. The total area of stone pine in Tunisia covers around 20000 Hectares. The Stone Pine forests in Nefza delegation covers more than 5000 Hectares. Over the last 15 years, a radical change in the practice of pinion pinecone harvesting has been observed. The Administration organized auctions to sell the right to exploit these cones, but for more than 10 years, there have been fewer and fewer buyers because of the illegal harvests.
Forests are managed and administrated by the state forest agency, which are perceived as being accessible to all. The majority of people interviewed during the science to practice event recognize that it is not advisable to carry out premature harvests, but say that if they do not harvest the cones quickly, "Free riders" will do so before them. They could be pickers from the same area or from other regions. Indeed, the most suitable period to collect pinecones is during the autumn between October and November. Collecting cones during this period is very important to have the highest levels of quality and production yield. However, in Tunisia this season is held earlier than expected (start in August), causing huge losses for foresters, in terms of future production, and for the forest population, in terms of pine’s quality.
Early harvest threatens local ecosystems that produce stone pine plantations as well as affects the potential effectiveness of the natural regeneration that becomes more and more impossible. Foresters asserted that pinecones do not even touch the ground because they are harvested before reaching maturity. In addition, local population tends to harvest pinecones too early to fund their children’s education, as harvesting and extracting pine nuts ensure a significant income support, which could reach 6000 Dinars per family per year.
Various actors are involved in the pine nuts value chain. They are mainly informal workers given the lack of legal access to raw materials. The pine stands of pine trees are state-owned plantations managed by the forest service from the production stage at the nursery to forestry operations, pruning and thinning. Cone collectors and processors (extraction of seeds) live around the pine forest areas, which are mainly located in the north of the country. These actors are operating individually or in groups (agricultural development groups, GDA). Traders and collectors have a key role in controlling the marketing system in production areas. They have a strong relationship with large-scale traders and wholesalers who ensure the transport of harvested pine nuts to Tunis.
Actually, young people and adults living around forest areas insure the harvest activity. Workers engaged to climb trees are mainly composed of men and children. However, this activity is often carried out without necessary climbing and safety equipment. Some accidents have been reported in the Nefza region. After that, cones are transported to households to extract kernels through two steps; the extraction of seeds (after drying for a few days) then the pine nuts (over an extended period and according to demand). Women usually take care of the shelling of cones and seeds using traditional extraction methods. The extraction of pine nuts is a difficult task and labor intensive since it requires more effort to break the cone.
Another challenging problem to be addressed by DGF is adopting a robust management system of stone pine forests, which in turn would allow better legal access to forest resources by the local communities and different stakeholders involved in this activity. Furthermore, promoting appropriate technologies and equipment for more efficient extraction of pine can help to strengthen the resilience of socio-ecological systems and the economic status of local populations.
Finally, policymakers place great importance on developing inclusive and more integrated policy solutions that satisfy the needs of both foresters and forest populations. Moreover, there is still a need to transmit to local communities the importance of respecting the annual growth cycle of pine. Extension campaign, information and training courses would increase their awareness towards quality production as well as to preserve the future forest resources.
Comentarios (8777)
Latest news and information about the NBA https://basketball-kz.kz in Kazakhstan. Hot stories, player transfers and highlights. Watch the NBA world with us.
The latest top football news https://football-kz.kz today. Interviews with football players, online broadcasts and match results, analytics and football forecasts, photos and videos.
заявка на кредитную карту
Закажи кредитную карту Online
получить кредитную карту
сберкарта
Закажи лучшую кредитную карту Online
заявка на кредитную карту
заявка на кредитную карту
Закажи кредитку Online
получить кредитную карту
[url=https://ontheballaussies.com/x/cdn/?https://top-kreditka.ru]кредитная карта[/url]
Закажи кредитную карту Online
заявка на кредитную карту
сберкарта
Закажи кредитную карту Online
получить кредитную карту
Check out Minecraft kz https://minecraft-kz.kz for the latest news, guides, and in-depth reviews of the game options available. Find the latest information on Minecraft Download, Pocket Edition and Bedrock Edition.
Latest news and analysis of the Premier League https://premier-league.kz. Full descriptions of matches, team statistics and the most interesting football events. Premier Kazakhstan is the best place for football fans.
Spider-Man https://spiderman.kz the latest news, articles, reviews, dates, spoilers and other latest information. All materials on the topic "Spider-Man"
Latest Counter-Strike 2 news https://counter-strike-kz.kz, watch the most successful tournaments and be the best in the gaming world.
Discover the dynamic world of Arab sports https://sports-ar.com through the lens of Arab sports news. Your premier source for breaking news, exclusive interviews, in-depth analysis and live coverage of everything happening in sports.
THC gummies are edible products that are infused with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the psychoactive compound found in cannabis. These gummies provide a convenient and discreet way to consume THC, offering an alternative to smoking or vaping.
<a href="https://buygummiesonline.com/" rel="dofollow">wyld gummies review<a>
<a href="https://crumpetsdisposableshop.com/" rel="dofollow">crumpets disposable<a>
<a href="Winchesterammostore.com/" rel="dofollow">Winchester<a>
<a href="https://psychedelic-marijuana.com/" rel="dofollow">dmt carts<a>
<a href="https://pamos.shop/" rel="dofollow">pamos<a>
<a href="https://californiapsychedelicshop.com/" rel="dofollow">proscaline<a>
<a href="Classicfirearmsstore.com/" rel="dofollow">rossi circuit judge for sale<a>
<a href="https://filthydisposable.com/" rel="dofollow">filthy disposable<a>
THC gummies are edible products that are infused with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the psychoactive compound found in cannabis. These gummies provide a convenient and discreet way to consume THC, offering an alternative to smoking or vaping.
<a href="https://buygummiesonline.com/" rel="dofollow">wyld gummies review<a>
<a href="https://crumpetsdisposableshop.com/" rel="dofollow">crumpets disposable<a>
<a href="Winchesterammostore.com/" rel="dofollow">Winchester<a>
<a href="https://psychedelic-marijuana.com/" rel="dofollow">dmt carts<a>
<a href="https://pamos.shop/" rel="dofollow">pamos<a>
<a href="https://californiapsychedelicshop.com/" rel="dofollow">proscaline<a>
<a href="Classicfirearmsstore.com/" rel="dofollow">rossi circuit judge for sale<a>
<a href="https://filthydisposable.com/" rel="dofollow">filthy disposable<a>
UFC news https://ufc-ar.com, schedule of fights and tournaments 2024, ratings of UFC fighters, interviews, photos and videos. Live broadcasts and broadcasts of tournaments, statistics, forums and fan blogs.
The most important sports news https://bein-sport-egypt.com, photos and blogs from experts and famous athletes, as well as statistics and information about matches of leading leagues.
News and events of the American Basketball League https://basketball-eg.com in Egypt. Hot events, player transfers and the most interesting events. Explore the world of the NBA with us.
Discover the wonderful world of online games https://game-news-ar.com. Get the latest news, reviews and tips for your favorite games.
Minecraft news https://minecraft-ar.com, guides and in-depth reviews of the gaming features available in Minecraft Ar. Get the latest information on downloading Minecraft, Pocket Edition and Bedrock Edition.
News, tournaments, guides and strategies about the latest GTA games https://gta-ar.com. Stay tuned for the best GTA gaming experience
Где купить Дольче Габбана www.scm-fashion.ru .
Открытие для себя Ерлинг Хааланда https://manchestercity.erling-haaland-cz.com, a talented player of «Manchester City». Learn more about his skills, achievements and career growth.
The path of 21-year-old Jude Bellingham https://realmadrid.jude-bellingham-cz.com from young talent to one of the most promising players in the world, reaching new heights with Dortmund and England.
The site is dedicated to football https://fooball-egypt.com, football history and news. Latest news and fresh reviews of the world of football
French prodigy Kylian Mbappe https://realmadrid.kylian-mbappe-cz.com is taking football by storm, joining his main target, " Real." New titles and records are expected.
Harry Kane's journey https://bavaria.harry-kane-cz.com from Tottenham's leading striker to Bayern's leader and Champions League champion - this is the story of a triumphant ascent to the football Olympus.
The fascinating story of the rise of Brazilian prodigy Vinicius Junior https://realmadrid.vinicius-junior-cz.com to the heights of glory as part of the legendary Madrid "Real"
Mohamed Salah https://liverpool.mohamed-salah-cz.com, who grew up in a small town in Egypt, conquered Europe and became Liverpool star and one of the best players in the world.
Antoine Griezmann https://atlticomadrid-dhb.antoine-griezmann-cz.com Atletico Madrid star whose talent and decisive goals helped the club reach the top of La Liga and the UEFA Champions League.
THC gummies are edible products that are infused with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the psychoactive compound found in cannabis. These gummies provide a convenient and discreet way to consume THC, offering an alternative to smoking or vaping.
<a href="https://buygummiesonline.com/" rel="dofollow">wyld gummies review<a>
<a href="https://crumpetsdisposableshop.com/" rel="dofollow">crumpets disposable<a>
<a href="Winchesterammostore.com/" rel="dofollow">Winchester<a>
<a href="https://psychedelic-marijuana.com/" rel="dofollow">dmt carts<a>
<a href="https://pamos.shop/" rel="dofollow">pamos<a>
<a href="https://californiapsychedelicshop.com/" rel="dofollow">proscaline<a>
<a href="Classicfirearmsstore.com/" rel="dofollow">rossi circuit judge for sale<a>
<a href="https://filthydisposable.com/" rel="dofollow">filthy disposable<a>
Son Heung-min's https://tottenhamhotspur.son-heung-min-cz.com success story at Tottenham Hotspur and his influence on the South Korean football, youth inspiration and changing the perception of Asian players.
The story of Robert Lewandowski https://barcelona.robert-lewandowski-cz.com, his impressive journey from Poland to Barcelona, ??where he became not only a leader on the field, but also a source of inspiration for young players.
We explore the path of Luka Modric https://realmadrid.luka-modric-cz.com to Real Madrid, from a difficult adaptation to legendary Champions League triumphs and personal awards.
The impact of the arrival of Cristiano Ronaldo https://annasr.cristiano-ronaldo-cz.com at Al-Nasr. From sporting triumphs to cultural changes in Saudi football.
Find out how Pedri https://barcelona.pedri-cz.com becomes a key figure for Barcelona - his development, influence and ambitions determine the club's future success in world football.
A study of the influence of Rodrigo https://realmadrid.rodrygo-cz.com on the success and marketing strategy of Real Madrid: analysis of technical skills, popularity in Media and commercial success.
How Karim Benzema https://alIttihad.karim-benzema-cz.com changed the game of Al-Ittihad and Saudi football: new tactics, championship success, increased viewership and commercial success.
Find out about Alisson https://liverpool.alisson-becker-cz.com's influence on Liverpool's success, from his defense to personal achievements that made him one of the best goalkeepers in the world.
Find out how Pedro Gavi https://barcelona.gavi-cz.com helped Barcelona achieve success thanks to his unique qualities, technique and leadership, becoming a key player in the team.
Thank you for some other informative blog. Where else could I get that type of information written in such an ideal means? I have a mission that I’m just now working on, and I have been at the look out for such information. bazaars van India
buy instagram likes cheap buy instagram followers
Thibaut Courtois https://realmadrid.thibaut-courtois-cz.com the indispensable goalkeeper of "Real", whose reliability, leadership and outstanding The game made him a key figure in the club.
wow the war within raid boost kreativwerkstatt-esens.de .
Find out how Virgil van Dijk https://liverpool.virgil-van-dijk-cz.com became an integral part of style игры «Liverpool», ensuring the stability and success of the team.
Find out how Bruno Guimaraes https://newcastleunited.bruno-guimaraes-cz.com became a catalyst for the success of Newcastle United thanks to his technical abilities and leadership on the field and beyond.
Study of the playing style of Toni Kroos https://real-madrid.toni-kroos-cz.com at Real Madrid: his accurate passing, tactical flexibility and influence on the team's success.
Romelu Lukaku https://chelsea.romelu-lukaku-cz.com, one of the best strikers in Europe, returns to Chelsea to continue climbing to the top of the football Olympus.
The young Uruguayan Darwin Nunez https://liverpool.darwin-nunez-cz.com broke into the elite of world football, and he became a key Liverpool player.
Star Brazilian striker Gabriel Jesus https://arsenal.gabriel-jesus-cz.com put in a superb performance to lead Arsenal to new heights after moving from Manchester City.
A fascinating story about how David Alaba https://realmadrid.david-alaba-cz.com after starting his career at the Austrian academy Vienna became a key player and leader of the legendary Real Madrid.
Páginas
Add Comment